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Subspecies of Galápagos tortoise
''Chelonoidis nigra'' (the Galápagos tortoise) is a tortoise species endemic to the Galápagos Islands. It had at least 12, and possibly up to 15, subspecies. Only eleven subspecies now exist: one on each of the islands of Santiago, Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Pinzón, and Española; one on each of the five main volcanoes of the largest island Isabela (Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negra, and Cerro Azul); and one, ''abingdoni'' from Pinta Island, which is considered extinct as of June 24, 2012. The subspecies inhabiting Floreana Island (''C. n. nigra'') is thought to have been hunted to extinction by 1850, only years after Charles Darwin's landmark visit of 1835 in which he saw carapaces but no live tortoises on the island.〔Sulloway 1984. ''Darwin and the Galápagos.'' In: Berry, R.J. (Ed.) Evolution in the Galápagos Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21(1-2):29-60.〕
Biological taxonomy is not fixed, and placement of taxa is reviewed as a result of new research. The current categorization of subspecies of ''Chelonoidis nigra'' is shown below. Also included are synonyms, which are now-discarded duplicate or incorrect namings. Common names are given but may vary, as they have no set meaning.
==List of subspecies==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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